Physical education and school sports is a category that has a special place in any society and its role in the flourishing of different talents of individuals and subsequently strengthening and increasing the physical and mental capacities of individuals is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the discourse of sports principals in the field of school sports. The research was descriptive in nature and with a qualitative approach and discourse analysis of lectures review and interviews of 30 senior managers in the field of sports and youth and its coding in the last year and a half from March 2020 to September 2021 was examined. The data from the interviews and lectures of the managers were classified into three stages of open, axial, and selective coding and 20 concepts and 7 categories: body and soul health, capacity building, complementary and extracurricular activities, development of sports requirements, government assistance, thematic processing and division of social work. It seems that the common discourse in the field of school sports, especially in all three parts of input, process and output, is focused on improving the physical and mental condition of students. Schools must also strive for social and cultural development in order to better achieve the lofty goals of a healthy student.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere and the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit and normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit and normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students and 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy and Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire and Martin and Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere and academic vitality in non-profit and normal school students (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, and the academic vitality of non-profit students are more than the students of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal students in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

According to theories of reproduction, schools are among institutions governments use, among other social institutions, to reproduce their hegemony. This article shows that contrary to the above theories, being merely ideological is not enough for the structure of school to function satisfactorily. In fact, struggles aimed at ideological referencing for particular meanings are only one phase of the circuit for possible production and consumption of ideological messages. Most often it happens that for various reasons the message is consumed in a way different from the intent of its producers. Moreover, this article demonstrates that schools' ability to reproduce the values assigned to them depends on the fact that the family also forms students' subjectivity in a similar manner.

The purpose of this study is to narrate the difficulties of cultural transition between three cultures of family, classroom and education system for a first grader Kurdish student when beginning primary school. This research applied a critical autoethnography approach and the data were collected from three sources. The first experience was lived experiences of the first researcher as a first grader; the second the narration of experiences from current first graders as expressed by the researcher as their teacher; and the third the experiences of 21 teachers and mothers. The data analysis was conducted based on the principles proposed by Ellis and Buchner. When a Kurdish child enters school and classroom culture, s/he does not find many of the cultural elements of his or her family, including language, customs, and cultural values. With the help of her mother and teachers, she often learns the escape routes to success and promotion without internalizing many of the values ​​of school culture.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most frequent medical problems in the world and Iran. Back pain has an impact on Individual, professional, and socioeconomic levels, as it entails a serious economic burden. Different interventions can reduce the burden of the chronic low back pain. Back School Program is one of the interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Lumbar care (based on Back School program) on nursing Staffs’ low back pain.Method: It was a quasi-experimental study that 64 nursing staff of Shohada Tajrish hospital participated in this study. They were selected purposefully and then randomly assigned to intervention and control group equally (32 nurses in each group). Data about severity of pain was collected by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Intervention group was received Lumbar care based on Back school program for four 45-minutes sessions during an educational workshop and training were followed by pamphlets, but control group only received routine care. Mean score of low back pain were measured based on VAS before and after the intervention. Analysis of data was carried out by SPSS software.Results: Findings of this study indicated there is no significant difference between mean Low back pain scores between intervention and control groups before intervention (p=0.575). While after the intervention, significant difference was observed between mean Low back pain scores (p<0.001) and low back pain in the intervention group significantly was reduced.Conclusion: The results showed that applying lumbar care based on Back school program, significantly decreased Low back pain in the intervention group. It suggested that hospital administrators could use this program as a safe method in the nurses’ education with low back pain.

The second phase of modernization in Iran began with the compilation of the fundamentals and principles of the White Revolution. The education of women which was formerly considered a part of Iranian innovation program gained momentum and went under consideration and investigation. The innovative discourse of the Reza Shah era that was formed under women emancipation and included the education of women was also affected by the White Revolution and the political, social and economic situations of that period. “National education” as the most significant educational policy of this period along with the concept of women emancipation led to the formation of the programs and plans for women education. Therefore, in this period. the education policy of women’s education was a movement from house and family to social and economic and political aspects. This new study employing the traditional continuity concept in history and through a descriptive analytical approach, follows the plans and programs for women education in the textbooks of this period in order to illuminate the identity of the modern woman and the application of this identity in the process of modernization in Iran.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the historical discourse of the birth of the modern school in terms of power relations around the lives of children. The method used in this essay is Critical Discourse Analysis of Michel Foucault. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the formation of new schools is analyzed from Foucault's point of view and his commentators. According to this description, a transformation has occurred from a body-based abstinence to institutional development of child care and school development. The most important discourse developments include the advent of modern childcare practices, the concealment of punitive care around children, and ultimately the expansion of modern power over the child's soul. Then, the power relations were analyzed based on a documentary analysis of the discursive approach to childhood and education. The results show that the birth of modern school and different branches of knowledge such as child psychology and sociology that shaped educational knowledge were the result of the evolution of the underlying social, economic, and demographic policies and disciplinary technologies and did not necessarily lead to the freedom of children. Therefore, the lives of children depend on the liberation not from institutions, but from the domination systems.

Foucault introduces a new way of analysis of the social world while he does not make clear how to conduct research. However, it does not mean that Foucault did not leave any space to do a Foucauldian social research (or as he wishes, doing genealogies). Indeed, the manner of Foucauldian social research is an ongoing method (s) which is produced both by Foucault and a researcher. The researcher must read Foucault and then draw out some basic points on which she or he can establish a concrete research method. While he mainly focuses on the internal side of discourse and is uninterested in non-discursive elements in archaeology, he then shifts to an overall view in his genealogical works in which discursive and non-discursive elements lose their significant differences, and they are mingled in each other in a discourse. In this article I will map Foucault’s main theoretical and methodological points and articulate them in my own method of doing a research. In so doing, I touch on general aspects of discourse and discourse analysis, then I will describe Foucault’s method, next I will illuminate how practically to do a discourse analysis.